The increasing penetration of energy communities, prosumers, and aggregators fundamentally transforms the
operational dynamics of electric networks and can significantly affect synchronization in power grids,
reinforcing the need for improved control strategies and regulatory frameworks to maintain their resilience and
stability.
This context calls for understanding how heterogeneities and structures of low- and medium- voltage distribution
networks can then affect such a global behavior, in analogy with recent studies (1-3). Studies on power‑grid
synchronization have demonstrated that increasing heterogeneity in generation sources, such as that introduced
by decentralized prosumer generation, can modify phase‑locking behavior and the thresholds for achieving
coherent frequency synchronization across the network.(1). Furthermore, research on scenarios with high
penetrations of inverter‑based renewables—which characterize many prosumer installations—shows that
synchronization becomes increasingly dependent on damping and control mechanisms rather than physical inertia,
making the system more sensitive to rapid fluctuations in distributed production and consumption patterns (2,3).

As a further contribution on this area, in our presentation we will show results for the synchronization
dynamics (both for the first-order and second-order Kuramoto model) emerging from block structures of
oscillators (4,5), with each block representing a particular distribution/consumption region. Different
plausible choices of the distribution network topology, as well as different sources of heterogeneity/noise, are
explored. The corresponding changes in the dynamics and the stationary values of the order parameter are shown.
From this, one can see that some nontrivial effects (like nonmonotonic behavior of the order parameter as a
function of coupling strengths) emerge when introducing an increasing level of refinement in the distribution
network. We interpret such effects in terms of local vs global (this is, intrablock vs interblock)
synchronization dynamics, so underscoring the combined role that network topology and external
variability/fluctuations may exert on the future stability of electricity systems.